Anticoagulation news items. Weeks commencing 19th December 2016
Prothrombin complex concentrates versus fresh frozen plasma for warfarin reversal
Thrombosis and Haemostasis
Review found prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) normalises INR more often and faster than fresh frozen plasma in warfarin-treated patients with major
bleeding/need for urgent surgery/ invasive procedure. PCCs were also less likely to cause volume overload or heart failure.
NIHR Signal: Long-haul flyers could reduce risk of leg blood clots with compression stockings
National Institute for Health Research Signal
This is an expert commentary of a Cochrane review which found that airline passengers could reduce their risk of getting a deep vein thrombosis by wearing
compression stockings, even if they are at low risk.
NIHR Signal: People prefer shorter compression stockings to prevent blood clots
National Institute for Health Research Signal
This is an expert commentary of a systematic review which found people having surgery prefer wearing knee length to thigh length compression stockings to prevent deep vein thrombosis, and are more likely to wear knee length stockings correctly and for the recommended time.
The above records have been identified by UKMi and feature in the NICE Medicines Awareness Service. Further details on this service can be found at:
Anticoagulation news items. Weeks commencing 12th December 2016
BMJ Open
Semi-structured interviews with 31 patients requiring venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis following recent hospital admission in UK found good adherence to heparin and poor adherence to elastic compression stockings, as well as limited knowledge of signs and symptoms of VTE.
BMJ Open
Analysis of data on 3566 adults from 33 A+Es found CT scanning for all anticoagulated patients with head injury is not cost-effective (£94,895/QALY gained) vs. selective scanning based on guidelines recommending scanning only for those with evidence of traumatic brain injury.
Thrombus Aspiration in ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction: An Individual Patient Meta-analysis
Circulation
Review of 3 RCTs (n=19,047) found no difference in CV death at 30 days for thrombus aspiration plus PCI vs PCI alone, however in those with high thrombus burden (TIMI thrombus grade ≥3) thrombus aspiration was associated with less CV death (2.5% vs 3.1%, HR 0.80; 95%CI 0.65-0.98).
The above records have been identified by UKMi and feature in the NICE Medicines Awareness Service. Further details on this service can be found at:
Anticoagulation news items. Weeks commencing 5th December 2016
Pentasaccharides for the prevention of venous thromboembolism
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Review (n=21004) found moderate to high quality evidence that fondaparinux is effective for short term prevention of VTE vs. placebo. Low to moderate quality evidence shows that fondaparinux is effective for short-term prevention of VTE vs. low molecular weight heparin.
A Critical Appraisal of Aspirin in Secondary Prevention: Is Less More?
Circulation
This article critically reviews the available evidence for aspirin use after ACS and PCI and discusses the scientific rational for ongoing studies testing the risks and benefits of omission or early discontinuation of aspirin in favor of P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy.
British Medical Journal
This cohort study based on 433 353 deliveries in England and 662 387 in Sweden has been used to develop a new prediction model that quantifies absolute risk of postpartum VTE based on clinical variables in order to serve as the basis for decisions on obstetric thromboprophylaxis.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Moderate quality evidence suggests that combining IPC and pharmacological prophylaxis, compared with either alone, decreases the incidence of DVT when compared to compression, and incidence of PE when compared to anticoagulation.
Thromboprophylaxis after Knee Arthroscopy and Lower-Leg Casting
New England Journal of Medicine
Two open label RCTs (n=1,543; n=1,519) found no significant difference in the rate of VTE for 8 days prophylactic LMWH vs no thromboprophylaxis post arthroscopy or prophylactic LMWH or no thromboprophylaxis after cast treatment.
The above records have been identified by UKMi and feature in the NICE Medicines Awareness Service. Further details on this service can be found at:
Anticoagulation news items. Weeks commencing 28th November 2016
Compression stockings for preventing deep vein thrombosis in airline passengers
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Review found high-quality evidence that airline passengers can expect a substantial reduction in the incidence of symptomless DVT and low-quality evidence that leg oedema is reduced if passengers wear compression stockings.
Antiplatelet versus anticoagulation treatment for patients with heart failure in sinus rhythm
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Evidence suggests neither anticoagulation (warfarin) nor antiplatelet therapy (aspirin) is better for mortality in systolic heart failure with sinus rhythm
(high quality evidence for all-cause mortality, moderate quality evidence for non-fatal CV and major bleeding events).
Testosterone treatment and risk of venous thromboembolism: population based case-control study
British Medical Journal
UK study (n=19 215 DVT/PE; 909,530 age matched controls) found starting testosterone linked to increased venous thromboembolism risk which peaked within 6 months (rate ratio 1.63; 95% CI, 1.12-2.37 corresponding to 10 additional cases above base rate) and declined thereafter.
Hormonal Contraception and Risk of Thromboembolism in Women With Diabetes
Diabetes Care
Study (146,080 women, 3,012 thromboembolic events) found rates of thromboembolism were highest among women on the contraceptive patch (16 per 1,000 woman-years) and lowest with intrauterine (6 per 1,000 woman-years) and subdermal (0 per 163 woman-years) contraceptives.
Optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after acute coronary syndromes and coronary stenting
Heart
This article provides an overview of the evidence, current guidelines' recommendations and future perspectives on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT)
duration after an ACS and after coronary stenting. It proposes an algorithm of optimal duration of DAPT in these settings.
The above records have been identified by UKMi and feature in the NICE Medicines Awareness Service. Further details on this service can be found at:
Anticoagulation news items. Weeks commencing 21st November 2016
New England Journal of Medicine
This is the most common inherited bleeding disorder. Review discusses latest findings on pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment, which is based on normalising von Willebrand factor and factor VIII levels in case of bleeding or before an intervention.
Canadian Medical Association Journal
Results from two population based nested case control studies of over 45,000 patients show that simvastatin and lovastatin, when combined with dabigatran
etexilate, increased the risk of major haemorrhage, but not ischaemic stroke.
The above records have been identified by UKMi and feature in the NICE Medicines Awareness Service. Further details on this service can be found at:
Anticoagulation news items. Weeks commencing 14th November 2016
Biospace Inc.
In trial of 494 patients who had uncontrolled or life-threatening bleeding or required emergency surgery or an invasive procedure, primary endpoint of reversal of anticoagulant effect of dabigatran with 5g of idarucizumab within 4 hours was 100% Reversal was evident immediately.
Circulation
Study (n=2124) found either rivaroxaban 15 mg OD+P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy or 2.5 mg rivaroxaban BD plus dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality/recurrent hospitalisation vs standard-of-care vitamin k antagonist+DAPT.
Heart
Study (n=123188) found warfarin use decreased with increasing severity of chronic kidney disease (CKD) (57.2%–46.4%), but was higher in patients on dialysis (62.3%). Proportion of patients with time in range (TIR) ≥60% decreased with CKD severity; 21% on dialysis achieved TIR≥60%.
Prevention of Bleeding in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Undergoing PCI
New England Journal of Medicine
The administration of either low-dose rivaroxaban (R)+P2Y12 inhibitor for 12 months or very-low-dose R+DAPT for 1, 6, or 12 months was associated with a
lower rate of clinically significant bleeding than was standard therapy with a vit K antagonist+DAPT for 1, 6, or 12 months.
PLOS Medicine
UK study (n=29043) found >50% of people eligible for lipid-lowering, anticoagulant, or antihypertensive drugs were not prescribed them prior to first stroke/TIA. The authors estimate that around 12000 first strokes could be prevented/year annually through optimal prescribing.
Circulation
This study (n=7513) reports that there were fewer all-cause strokes (0.54% v 0.97%; RR=0.56; P=0.032) and ischaemic strokes (0.48% v 0.91%; RR=0.53; P=0.026) among patients treated with betrixaban v enoxaparin through 77 days of follow-up.
European Heart Journal
Analysis of the TRACER trial (n=12,944) found that MI was associated with a greater risk of mortality compared with Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) 2 and 3a bleeding; a similar risk of mortality to BARC 3c bleeding; and a lower risk of mortality than BARC 3c bleeding.
Ticagrelor versus Clopidogrel in Symptomatic Peripheral Artery Disease
New England Journal of Medicine
RCT (n=13,885) found that ticagrelor is not superior to clopidogrel for reducing cardiovascular events (10.8% vs 10.6%, HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.92-1.13). Major
bleeding occurred at similar rates (1.6% in both groups, HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.84-1.43).
European Medicines Agency
Lonoctocog alfa is a single-chain recombinant human factor VIII product. It is proposed that the market authorisation extends to use in all age groups.
The above records have been identified by UKMi and feature in the NICE Medicines Awareness Service. Further details on this service can be found at:
Anticoagulation news items. Weeks commencing 7th November 2016
Circulation
Meta-analysis (9 studies, n=255,865 with 4910 VTE events) found that apart from the association of cigarette smoking with provoked VTE, modifiable traditional CVD risk factors are not associated with increased risk. Higher systolic blood pressure was inversely associated with VTE.
The Lancet
This RCT (n=152) showed no significant difference between patients receiving nadroparin v placebo in the composite primary outcome-composite measure of
extension of calf DVT to proximal veins, contralateral proximal DVT and symptomatic PE at day 42 (3% vs 5% respectively, p=0.54).
The above records have been identified by UKMi and feature in the NICE Medicines Awareness Service. Further details on this service can be found at:
Anticoagulation news items. Weeks commencing 31st October 2016
British Medical Journal
Review (n=11,473) found long term (12 months) dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) did not reduce risk of major adverse cardiac events vs. short term DAPT (≤6 months) but increased risk of bleeding among patients with stents with or without diabetes.
The Lancet Haematology
Study (n=10604) found transfusion via a multi-lumen PICC is associated with a greater risk of thrombosis than via a peripheral IV catheter (HR 1•96 (95% CI
1•47–2•61; p<0•0001) vs. patients not receiving a transfusion, and 1•79 (1•09–2•95; p=0•022) vs. peripheral IV line.
Circulation
Review (15 studies, 4762 patients) found carriers of CYP2C19 loss-of-function alleles (*2, *3 and/or *8) were at increased risk of stroke vs non-carriers among patients with ischemic stroke/TIA treated with clopidogrel (12.0 vs. 5.8%; RR 1.92, 95% CI: 1.57-2.35; p<0.001).
Adverse events in trial for haemophilia drug, ACE910
Reuters Health
Four patients have suffered serious adverse events relating to thrombosis/ blood clots in a trial of ACE910. ACE910 is a recombinant bispecific monoclonal
antibody which simultaneously binds factor IXa and X, exerting the same function as factor VIII.
Wide Variation in Reported Rates of Stroke Across Cohorts of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Circulation
This review (34 studies) reports a variation in reported stroke rates in different cohorts of patients with AF showing that CHA2DS2-VASc scores do not
correspond to fixed absolute stroke rates; a net clinical benefit for anticoagulating patients with score 1 or 2 was not observed.
The above records have been identified by UKMi and feature in the NICE Medicines Awareness Service. Further details on this service can be found at:
Anticoagulation news items. Weeks commencing 24th October 2016
European Heart Journal
While waiting for observational and randomised data to accrue, this consensus paper offers a European perspective on managing antithrombotic therapy after
bleeding in patients with coronary artery disease and/or AF, including which drugs to stop, which to restart, and when.
Patterns of antiplatelet drug use after a first myocardial infarction during a 10-year period
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
Trial (n=4690) found persistent users decreased from 84.0% at 1-year to 32.8% at 10 years for any antiplatelet [AP: 77.3% to 27.5% for aspirin; 39.0% to 6.4% for clopidogrel at 6 years]. Most nonpersistent users restarted, leading to 89.3% overall AP users at 10 years post MI.
Medicines Optimisation in Atrial Fibrillation
Specialist Pharmacy Service
First section of this document shows how to use nationally available data to build picture of care and assess quality of AF management for any locality. Second
section provides short review protocol for patients on AF register which can be used to optimise their anticoagulation.
Non-major bleeding with apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation
Heart
In this RCT (n=18,140) non-major bleeding was reported less frequently with apixaban (6.4/100 patient-years) than warfarin (9.4/100 patient-years) (adjusted HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.75) and was associated with fewer adverse outcomes including mortality and subsequent major bleed.
Biospace Inc.
At 6 months, recurrent VTE occurred in 1.07% of people in the continued cohort and 2.10% in the discontinued cohort (p<0.05) whilst major bleeding occurred in 0.79% and 0.72% respectively (p>0.05). Similar findings were reported at 12 months.
Tranexamic Acid in Patients Undergoing Coronary-Artery Surgery
New England Journal of Medicine
Study (n=4631) found no significant difference in death/thrombotic complications within 30 days of surgery between tranexamic acid and placebo (16.7% vs.
18.1%, respectively). Tranexamic acid was associated with a lower risk of bleeding vs placebo.
The above records have been identified by UKMi and feature in the NICE Medicines Awareness Service. Further details on this service can be found at:
Anticoagulation news items. Weeks commencing 17th October 2016
AF patients with no schooling benefit least from anticoagulants
European Heart Journal
Survey of more than 1100 patients with atrial fibrillation found those with no schooling missed treatment targets more often, were less aware of bleeding
risks, and did not know they could continue normal daily activities (for example drive, play sports and travel by plane).
The above records have been identified by UKMi and feature in the NICE Medicines Awareness Service. Further details on this service can be found at:
